“俯仰向背乐且悲”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《周昉画美人歌》是苏辙在宋代创作的一首诗词。以下是对该诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

深宫美人百不知，
In the depths of the palace, the beautiful woman is unaware,
饮酒食肉事游嬉。
Drinking and feasting, indulging in pleasure.

弹丝吹竹舞罗衣，
Plucking the strings, blowing bamboo, dancing in silk garments,
曲终对镜理鬓眉。
When the music ends, she faces the mirror to arrange her hair and eyebrows.

岌然高髻玉钗垂，
Her tall hairdo is adorned with jade hairpins,
双鬟窈窕萼叶微。
Her double buns are elegant like tiny lotus leaves.

宛转踯躅従婴儿，
Her graceful movements resemble those of a playful child,
倚楹俯槛皆有姿。
Leaning against the pillar, she looks down with grace.

拥扇执拂知従谁，
Who does she follow with her fan and feather duster in hand?
瘦者飞燕肥玉妃。
The slender one resembles a flying swallow, while the plump one is like a jade consort.

俯仰向背乐且悲，
In her postures and gestures, there is both joy and sorrow,
九重深远安得窥。
How can one catch a glimpse of her in the deep and distant palace?

周生执笔心坐驰，
Zhou Sheng (the poet's pseudonym) holds his brush while his heart races,
流传人间眩心脾。
His words will dazzle people's hearts and minds.

飞琼小玉云雾帏，
Pearl-like screens and jade-cloud curtains flutter,
长风吹开忽见之。
With a gust of wind, they suddenly come into view.

梦魂清夜那复追，
In the clear night, the dreamlike soul seems elusive,
老人衰朽百事非。
For the old and withered, everything is no longer as it used to be.

展卷一笑亦胡为，
Unfolding the scroll, a smile appears, but what is the point?
持付少年良所宜。
It is meant to be handed down to the talented youth, as it should be.

这首诗词描绘了深宫中一位美丽的女子，她沉浸在饮酒食肉的欢愉之中，同时又展现出她的才艺和身姿。她在乐曲结束后对着镜子整理发髻和眉毛，姿态优雅。诗人苏辙通过描写她的动作和特征，表达了对这位美人的赞美和向往。

诗中还含有对深宫生活的想象和向往。深宫中的美人们被隔离于外界，与世隔绝，他们的美丽和才艺只能在宫中享受，外界无法窥见。这种神秘感和遥远感增加了读者对深宫的好奇和向往之情。

最后，诗人自谦自己的才华，他将自己的笔墨比作展开的卷轴，他的文字将传世，使人心醉神迷。同时，他希望将自己的作品传给有才华的年轻人，让他们继续创作和传承。整首诗词以描写美人为主线，通过对美人的描写和对自己才华的自谦，展示了作者的情感和思考。

zhōu fǎng huà měi rén gē
周昉画美人歌

shēn gōng měi rén bǎi bù zhī, yǐn jiǔ shí ròu shì yóu xī.
深宫美人百不知，饮酒食肉事游嬉。
dàn sī chuī zhú wǔ luó yī, qū zhōng duì jìng lǐ bìn méi.
弹丝吹竹舞罗衣，曲终对镜理鬓眉。
jí rán gāo jì yù chāi chuí, shuāng huán yǎo tiǎo è yè wēi.
岌然高髻玉钗垂，双鬟窈窕萼叶微。
wǎn zhuǎn zhí zhú cóng yīng ér, yǐ yíng fǔ kǎn jiē yǒu zī.
宛转踯躅従婴儿，倚楹俯槛皆有姿。
yōng shàn zhí fú zhī cóng shuí, shòu zhě fēi yàn féi yù fēi.
拥扇执拂知従谁，瘦者飞燕肥玉妃。
fǔ yǎng xiàng bèi lè qiě bēi, jiǔ zhòng shēn yuǎn ān dé kuī.
俯仰向背乐且悲，九重深远安得窥。
zhōu shēng zhí bǐ xīn zuò chí, liú chuán rén jiān xuàn xīn pí.
周生执笔心坐驰，流传人间眩心脾。
fēi qióng xiǎo yù yún wù wéi, cháng fēng chuī kāi hū jiàn zhī.
飞琼小玉云雾帏，长风吹开忽见之。
mèng hún qīng yè nà fù zhuī, lǎo rén shuāi xiǔ bǎi shì fēi.
梦魂清夜那复追，老人衰朽百事非。
zhǎn juǎn yī xiào yì hú wéi, chí fù shào nián liáng suǒ yí.
展卷一笑亦胡为，持付少年良所宜。