“东流之外西日微”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《秋风二首》是唐代诗人杜甫创作的一首诗词。下面是对这首诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

秋风淅淅吹巫山，
Autumn wind gently blows on the mountains of Wu.
上牢下牢修水关。
In the upper and lower prison cells, repairing the water gate.
吴樯楚柁牵百丈，
The boats and rafts of Wu and Chu are hundreds of feet long,
暖向神都寒未还。
The warmth has not yet reached the capital, and the cold lingers.

要路何日罢长戟，
When will the need for war come to an end?
战自青羌连百蛮。
Battles continuous with the Qiang and many other tribes.
中巴不曾消息好，
The news from the central government hasn't been good.
暝传戍鼓长云间。
At dusk, the sound of the garrison's drums spreads through the clouds.

秋风淅淅吹我衣，
Autumn wind gently blows on my clothes,
东流之外西日微。
Beyond the east flowing river, the setting sun is faint.
天清小城捣练急，
In the clear sky, a small town is busy with military training.
石古细路行人稀。
On the old stone path, there are few travelers.

不知明月为谁好，
I wonder who the bright moon is shining for,
早晚孤帆他夜归。
In the morning and evening, the lone sail returns home at night.
会将白发倚庭树，
I will lean against the courtyard tree with my white hair,
故园池台今是非。
The old hometown and the ponds and terraces are filled with turmoil.

该诗词展示了杜甫对战乱和岁月流转的感叹和思考。第一首描写了战争中的困苦和无辜百姓的苦难，以及军士们不知道战争何时才会结束的无奈。第二首则是通过秋风和明月来表现诗人内心的孤独和迷茫。诗人不知道明月为谁好，却能想象到孤独的航行归家，同时也体现出对故乡的思念和对现实的痛苦。

整首诗词语言简练，意境深远，表现了杜甫对战争和困境的真实感受，同时也反映了他对家园乡土的眷恋和思念。这首诗词凭借其鲜明的形象和朴素的语言，具有强烈的情感共鸣力，被视为杜甫为数不多的精绝之作之一。

qiū fēng èr shǒu
秋风二首

qiū fēng xī xī chuī wū shān, shàng láo xià láo xiū shuǐ guān.
秋风淅淅吹巫山，上牢下牢修水关。
wú qiáng chǔ duò qiān bǎi zhàng,
吴樯楚柁牵百丈，
nuǎn xiàng shén dōu hán wèi hái.
暖向神都寒未还。
yào lù hé rì bà cháng jǐ, zhàn zì qīng qiāng lián bǎi mán.
要路何日罢长戟，战自青羌连百蛮。
zhōng bā bù céng xiāo xī hǎo, míng chuán shù gǔ cháng yún jiān.
中巴不曾消息好，暝传戍鼓长云间。
qiū fēng xī xī chuī wǒ yī, dōng liú zhī wài xī rì wēi.
秋风淅淅吹我衣，东流之外西日微。
tiān qīng xiǎo chéng dǎo liàn jí,
天清小城捣练急，
shí gǔ xì lù xíng rén xī.
石古细路行人稀。
bù zhī míng yuè wèi shuí hǎo, zǎo wǎn gū fān tā yè guī.
不知明月为谁好，早晚孤帆他夜归。
huì jiāng bái fà yǐ tíng shù, gù yuán chí tái jīn shì fēi.
会将白发倚庭树，故园池台今是非。