“坚顽那复愁空橐”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《自近村归》是宋代文学家陆游的一首诗词。以下是对该诗的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

雪晴村路尚残泥，
茅屋清寒正要低。
野渡船虚飞鸟集，
烟村路近蹇驴嘶。

坚顽那复愁空橐，
老健犹能伴架犁。
蹴榻不僵君会否？
更须百瓮享黄齑。

中文译文：
冬日雪晴，乡村小路上的泥泞仍未完全消散，
简陋的茅屋寒冷，似乎要低垂下来。
野渡上空，鸟儿们集聚在虚无的船上，
烟村的小路近在咫尺，蹇驴嘶鸣着。

坚固的意志何必再感到忧愁，空空的麻袋又能有何担忧呢，
老迈而健壮，仍能陪伴着犁耕田地。
踢动床榻，你是否还能活动自如？
更需要百瓮黄齑来享受。

诗意和赏析：
《自近村归》这首诗描绘了陆游归乡的情景，以朴实自然的语言表达了作者对乡村生活的深情和思考。

首先，诗中以雪晴村路尚有残泥的描写，表现了冬日的霜寒还未完全消退，乡村道路上仍然泥泞不堪。这一景象暗示了农村的贫困和艰辛，折射出作者对现实生活的真实观察。

接着，诗中提到了茅屋清寒，形容了乡村低贱的居住环境，以及作者生活的朴素和清贫。这种清贫的生活状态使得作者感到低垂，进一步突显了他内心的忧愁和无奈。

然后，诗中描绘了野渡船上飞鸟的景象，以及烟村的小路近在咫尺，蹇驴嘶鸣的情景。这些都是乡村生活中常见的景象，通过描写这些细节，表达了作者对家乡的思念和对自然的感悟。

接下来，诗中提到了坚固的意志和老迈而健壮的身体。作者表示即使面对困境和年华的衰老，他仍然保持坚定的意志和积极的生活态度。这种乐观向上的情感体现了作者的坚韧和勇气。

最后，诗中以蹴榻不僵的问题向读者发问，表达了作者对友人的思念和期盼。百瓮黄齑的提及则暗示了作者对幸福生活的渴望和对友情的珍视。

总体来说，这首诗以朴素自然的语言描绘了乡村生活的艰辛和质朴，表达了作者对家乡的眷恋和对生活的思考。通过对细节的描写，展示了作者坚韧不拔的精神和对幸福生活的向往《自近村归》 is a poem by the Song dynasty poet Lu You. Here is the Chinese translation, poetic meaning, and appreciation of the poem:

雪晴村路尚残泥，
茅屋清寒正要低。
野渡船虚飞鸟集，
烟村路近蹇驴嘶。

坚顽那复愁空橐，
老健犹能伴架犁。
蹴榻不僵君会否？
更须百瓮享黄齑。

Chinese translation:
雪晴之后，乡村的小路上仍有残留的泥泞，
简陋茅屋清寒，似乎要倾斜下来。
野渡船上空虚，飞鸟聚集，
烟村的小路近在咫尺，蹇驴嘶鸣。

坚固的意志何必再感到忧愁，空空的麻袋又能有何担忧呢，
老迈而健壮，仍能陪伴着犁耕田地。
踢动床榻，你是否还能活动自如？
更需要百瓮黄齑来享受。

Poetic meaning and appreciation:
"自近村归" depicts the scene of Lu You returning to his hometown, expressing his deep affection and contemplation for rural life.

Firstly, the poem describes the lingering muddy roads after the snow has cleared, indicating the harshness of winter that has not completely dissipated, with the country roads still being muddy. This scene implies the poverty and hardships of rural life, reflecting the author's keen observation of reality.

Next, the poem mentions the humble thatched cottage, portraying the humble living conditions in the countryside and the author's simple and frugal lifestyle. This state of poverty makes the author feel low and further highlights his inner worries and helplessness.

Then, the poem depicts the scene of birds gathering on the empty ferry and the nearby village path where the lame donkey brays. These are common sights in rural life. By describing these details, the author expresses his yearning for his hometown and his understanding of nature.

Furthermore, the poem mentions the unyielding spirit and the old yet strong body. The author states that even in the face of difficulties and the aging of time, he still maintains a firm will and a positive attitude towards life. This optimistic and positive emotion reflects the author's resilience and courage.

Finally, the poem asks the reader about the unyielding bed, expressing the author's longing and anticipation for his friends. The mention of a hundred barrels of yellow porridge implies the author's desire for a happy life and his appreciation of friendship.

Overall, this poem uses a simple and natural language to depict the hardships and simplicity of rural life, expressing the author's nostalgia for his hometown and his contemplation of life. Through the portrayal of details, the poem showcases the author's indomitable spirit and his yearning for a happy life.

zì jìn cūn guī
自近村归

xuě qíng cūn lù shàng cán ní, máo wū qīng hán zhèng yào dī.
雪晴村路尚残泥，茅屋清寒正要低。
yě dù chuán xū fēi niǎo jí, yān cūn lù jìn jiǎn lǘ sī.
野渡船虚飞鸟集，烟村路近蹇驴嘶。
jiān wán nà fù chóu kōng tuó, lǎo jiàn yóu néng bàn jià lí.
坚顽那复愁空橐，老健犹能伴架犁。
cù tà bù jiāng jūn huì fǒu? gèng xū bǎi wèng xiǎng huáng jī.
蹴榻不僵君会否？更须百瓮享黄齑。